Comparison of the diagnostic efficacy between transrectal and transperineal cognitive fusion combined systematic prostate biopsy / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective:This study aimed to compare the detection efficacy of transrectal ultrasound-guided transrectal cognitive fusion targeted+ systematic prostate biopsy and transperineal cognitive fusion targeted + systematic biopsy in patients with suspected prostate cancer (PCa). In addition, the relative clinical characteristics of PCa were evaluated.Methods:A total of 385 patients with suspected prostate cancer in the affiliated hospital of Qingdao University from May 2019 to November 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients met the prostate biopsy criterion, who underwent transrectal(n=275)and transperineal(n=110)prostate biopsy respectively. There were no significant differences of mean age [(70.7±7.3)years vs.(69.2±8.4) years], PSA [(55.12±116.96)ng/ml vs. (63.41±315.34)ng/ml], prostate volume [(55.96±35.26)ml vs. (64.35±55.99)ml] between two groups. According to preoperative prostate magnetic resonance imaging combined with intraoperative ultrasound, 2-4 needles targeted puncture of suspected lesion were performed, followed by 12 needle systematic prostate biopsy. The detection rate of prostate cancer between two biopsy ways were compared. The related factors of PCa including age, prostate volume and PSA level were collected for univariable and multivariable logistic analysis. The cancer detection rate was compared and logistic regression was used to assess the impact of patient characteristics on PCa detection.Results:For all patients, the detection rate with cancer between transrectal group and transperineal group were 121/275(40.0%) and 67/110(60.9%), respectively. The transperineal group detected a higher rate of PCa ( P=0.003)and more clinically significant prostate cancers (csPCa) (54.6% vs.36.7%, P=0.001) than that of the transrectal group, there were significant differences between two groups ( P<0.05). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that PSA( OR=1.025, P=0.001) and prostate volume( OR=0.984, P=0.001)were two independent factors for the detection rate of prostate cancer between two biopsy ways( P<0.05). The effect of age on the detection rate of PCa in the transperieal group was significantly lower than that of the transrectal group( OR=0.037, P=0.238 vs. OR=0.053, P=0.002). Conclusion:The transperieal biopsy could find more PCa than the transrectal biopsy. PSA level and prostate volume could affect the detection rate of cancer between two prostate biopsy ways.

Study on metabolic dynamics,metabolic enzyme phenotype and species difference of hepatic and intestinal microsome of psoralidin / 中国中药杂志

This study aims to investigate metabolic activities of psoralidin in human liver microsomes( HLM) and intestinal microsomes( HIM),and to identify cytochrome P450 enzymes( CYPs) and UDP-glucuronosyl transferases( UGTs) involved in psoralidin metabolism as well as species differences in the in vitro metabolism of psoralen. First,after incubation serial of psoralidin solutions with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate( NADPH) or uridine 5'-diphosphate-glucuronic acid( UDPGA)-supplemented HLM or HIM,two oxidic products( M1 and M2) and two conjugated glucuronides( G1 and G2) were produced in HLM-mediated incubation system,while only M1 and G1 were detected in HIM-supplemented system. The CLintfor M1 in HLM and HIM were 104. 3,and57. 6 μL·min~(-1)·mg~(-1),respectively,while those for G1 were 543. 3,and 75. 9 μL·min~(-1)·mg~(-1),respectively. Furthermore,reaction phenotyping was performed to identify the main contributors to psoralidin metabolism after incubation of psoralidin with NADPH-supplemented twelve CYP isozymes( or UDPGA-supplemented twelve UGT enzymes),respectively. The results showed that CYP1 A1( 39. 5 μL·min~(-1)·mg~(-1)),CYP2 C8( 88. 0 μL·min~(-1)·mg~(-1)),CYP2 C19( 166. 7 μL·min~(-1)·mg~(-1)),and CYP2 D6( 9. 1 μL·min~(-1)·mg~(-1)) were identified as the main CYP isoforms for M1,whereas CYP2 C19( 42. 0 μL·min~(-1)·mg~(-1)) participated more in producing M2. In addition,UGT1 A1( 1 184. 4 μL·min~(-1)·mg~(-1)),UGT1 A7( 922. 8 μL·min~(-1)·mg~(-1)),UGT1 A8( 133. 0 μL·min~(-1)·mg~(-1)),UGT1 A9( 348. 6 μL·min~(-1)·mg~(-1)) and UGT2 B7( 118. 7 μL·min~(-1)·mg~(-1)) played important roles in the generation of G1,while UGT1 A9( 111. 3 μL·min~(-1)·mg~(-1)) was regarded as the key UGT isozyme for G2. Moreover,different concentrations of psoralidin were incubated with monkey liver microsomes( MkLM),rat liver microsomes( RLM),mice liver microsomes( MLM),dog liver microsomes( DLM) and mini-pig liver microsomes( MpLM),respectively. The obtained CLintwere used to evaluate the species differences.Phase Ⅰ metabolism and glucuronidation of psoralidinby liver microsomes showed significant species differences. In general,psoralidin underwent efficient hepatic and intestinal metabolisms. CYP1 A1,CYP2 C8,CYP2 C19,CYP2 D6 and UGT1 A1,UGT1 A7,UGT1 A8,UGT1 A9,UGT2 B7 were identified as the main contributors responsible for phase Ⅰ metabolism and glucuronidation,respectively. Rat and mini-pig were considered as the appropriate model animals to investigate phase Ⅰ metabolism and glucuronidation,respectively.

Mechanism of Shouhui Tongbian Capsules in treating constipation based on network pharmacology and molecular docking / 中国中药杂志

To explore the mechanism of Shouhui Tongbian Capsules in treating constipation by means of network pharmacology and molecular docking approach. Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP) and Bioinfoematics Analysis Tool for Molecular Mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine(BATMAN) were applied to obtain chemical components and potential targets of eight herbs in Shouhui Tongbian Capsules according to the screening principles of oral availability(OB)≥30% and drug-like property(DL)≥0.18. Disease targets relating to constipation were screened out through GeneCards, PharmGkb and other databases, drug targets were integrated with disease targets, and intersection targets were exactly the potential action targets of Shouhui Tongbian Capsules for treating constipation; PPI network of potential targets was constructed using STRING platform, and GO(gene ontology) analysis and KEGG(Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes) pathway data were obtained to conduct enrichment analysis and predict its mechanism of action. Cytoscape 3.6.1 was used to construct a network of "medicinal materials-chemical components-drug targets", and the network topology analysis was carried out on the PPI network to obtain its main components and key targets. Molecular docking between components and key targets of Shouhui Tongbian Capsules verified the accuracy of network pharmacological analysis results. The PPI network analysis showed 92 chemical components, including quercetin, stigmaste-rol, aloe-emodin, rhein, and key targets for instance AKT1, MAPK1, IL6, JUN, TNF and TP53. The enrichment analysis of KEGG screened out 157 signal pathways(P<0.01), mainly involving interleukin 17 signaling pathway, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, thyroid hormone signaling pathway. Quercetin, resveratrol and lysine with top degree value had a rational conformation in docking site of protein crystal complexes. This study preliminarily showed that various active ingredients in Shouhui Tongbian Capsules could regulate multiple signaling pathways, increase intestinal smoothness and peristalsis function, ensure smooth intestinal lumen, and play a role in treating constipation by acting on key targets, such as AKT1, MAPK1, IL6 and JUN.

An ultra-sensitive and easy-to-use assay for sensing human UGT1A1 activities in biological systems / 药物分析学报

The human UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1), one of the most essential conjugative enzymes, is responsible for the metabolism and detoxification of bilirubin and other endogenous substances, as well as many different xenobiotic compounds. Deciphering UGT1A1 relevance to human diseases and characterizing the effects of small molecules on the activities of UGT1A1 requires reliable tools for probing the function of this key enzyme in complex biological matrices. Herein, an easy-to-use assay for highly-selective and sensitive monitoring of UGT1A1 activities in various biological matrices, using liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (LC-FD), has been developed and validated. The newly developed LC-FD based assay has been confirmed in terms of sensitivity, specificity, precision, quanti-tative linear range and stability. One of its main advantages is lowering the limits of detection and quantification by about 100-fold in comparison to the previous assay that used the same probe substrate, enabling reliable quantification of lower amounts of active enzyme than any other method. The precision test demonstrated that both intra- and inter-day variations for this assay were less than 5.5％. Further-more, the newly developed assay has also been successfully used to screen and characterize the regu-latory effects of small molecules on the expression level of UGT1A1 in living cells. Overall, an easy-to-use LC-FD based assay has been developed for ultra-sensitive UGT1A1 activities measurements in various biological systems, providing an inexpensive and practical approach for exploring the role of UGT1A1 in human diseases, interactions with xenobiotics, and characterization modulatory effects of small mole-cules on this conjugative enzyme.

Effects of NaHS on MBP and learning and memory in hippocampus of mice with spinocerebellar ataxia / 中国应用生理学杂志

To investigate the effects of exogenous NaHS on myelin basic protein (MBP) and learning and memory of hippocampal neurons in mice with spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) and its therapeutic significance. Twelve male normal mice were randomly selected as normal control group (NC Group), and 48 SCA3 mice were randomly selected as SCA3 model group (M Group), low dose group (NL Group, 10 μmol/kg), medium dose group (NM Group, 50μmol/kg) and high dose group (NH Group, 100 μmol/kg), 12 rats in each group. The drug treated groups were injected with NaHS intraperitoneally once a day for 4 weeks. The changes of learning and memory ability of SCA3 mice before and after the intervention of different doses of NaHS were determined by Morris water maze, the content of hydrogen sulfide (HS) in hippocampus was measured by spectrophotometry, the expression of MBP was detected by immunohistochemistry, and the morphological changes of neuron myelin sheath were observed by electron microscope. Compared with the control group, the learning and memory ability of SCA3 mice was decreased significantly (P＜0.05), and the content of HS in hippocampus was decreased (P＜0.05). After different doses of exogenous NaHS treatment, the learning and memory ability was improved in different degrees (P＜0.05), and the contents of HS and MBP in hippocampus of SCA3 mice were also improved in different degrees (P＜0.05). Exogenous NaHS may increase the contents of HS and MBP in the hippocampus of SCA3 mice, which may have a protective effect on the neurons, and then improve the learning and memory ability of SCA3 mice, and provide a new idea for the treatment of SCA3.

Influence of folic acid ,vitamin B6 and vitamin B12 on vascular endothelial function , serum level of ho‐mocysteine and living quality in hypertensive patients with acute cerebral infraction / 心血管康复医学杂志

Objective :To study influence of folic acid ,vitamin B6 and vitamin B12 on vascular endothelial function serum level of homocysteine (Hcy) and living quality in hypertensive patients with acute cerebral infraction .Meth‐ods :A total of 92 hypertensive patients with acute cerebral infraction treated in our hospital from Feb 2016 to Oct 2017 were randomly and equally divided into routine treatment group and combined treatment group (received folic acid ,vitamin B6 and vitamin B12 based on routine treatment group ).Two groups were both treated for 12 weeks Flow‐mediated dilation (FMD) ,serum levels of Hcy and nitric oxide (NO ) , United States National Institutes of Health Stroke Score (NIHSS) score and Barthel index score before and after treatment were compared between two groups.Results :Compared with before treatment ,after treatment ,there were significant reductions in serum level of Hcy and NIHSS score ,and significant rise in Barthel index score in two groups ,and there was significant rise in serum level of NO [ (50. 20 ± 11.18) μmol／L vs.(66. 53 ± 10. 66) μmol／L] in combined treatment group , P＜0. 01 all.Before and after treatment , there were no significant difference in FMD in two groups , and no significant difference in serum level of NO in routine treatment group , P＞0.05 all.Compare with routine treatment group after treatment ,there were significant reductions in serum level of Hcy [ (21.58 ± 2.24 ) μmol／L vs.(17.27 ± 2.19) μmol／L] and NIHSS score [(20. 39 ± 3. 19) scores vs .(16.12 ± 1.15) scores] ,and significant rise in NO level [ (53.76 ± 11. 67) μmol／L比(66.53 ± 10. 66) μmol／L] ,Barthel index score [ (62.27 ± 20.58) scores vs .(79. 58 ± 21. 24) scores] in combined treatment group , P＝0.001 all.Conclusion :Folic acid ,vitamin B6 and vitamin B12 can effectively improve vascular endothelial function ,reduce serum level of Hcy ,increase serum level of NO ,improve neurological function and activities of living quality ,which is worth extending .

One-year follow-up for patients with diabetic retinopathy in Shanghai communities / 中华全科医师杂志

Objective To investigate the outcomes of patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) in Shanghai communities and the influencing factors.Methods From October 2015 to April 2016,533 type 2 diabetic patients with DR were selected by target sampling and cluster random sampling method from six community health service centers in Shanghai.Patients were followed up for 1 year.The demographic information,physical examination,laboratory tests and eye fundus exam results were documented and the DR was graded.The factors associated with the regression of DR were analyzed.Results Total 478 patients,including 280 females (58.6％) and 198 males (41.4％),were followed up for 1 year.The mean age of patients was (64±7) years and the mean disease duration was (8.85±4.20) years.The original DR lesion was remitted in 35 patients with an improvement rate of 7.3％;while the original DR lesion was aggravated in 29 patients with a progression rate of 6.1％.Ordinal logistic regression analysis revealed that age (OR=0.197,95％CI:0.056-0.699),body mass index (BMI) (OR=0.383,95％CI:0.171-0.856),glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAlc) (OR=0.287,95％CI:0.102-0.803),triglycerides (TG) (OR=0.541,95％CI:0.295-0.991),urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR)(OR=0.218,95％CI:0.066-0.720) were associated with DR in type 2 diabetic patients.Conclusion The regression of DR is closely related to age,BMI,glucose,serum lipids and renal function,so it is suggested that lowering BMI,controlling glucose and serum lipids and maintaining normal kidney function are necessary for preventing the progression and promoting the improvement of DR in diabetic patients.

The path analysis on the predisposing factors of suicidal ideation of network addicts / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To explore the effect of security,self-acceptance,self-concept,intemet addiction,anxiety,depression on the suicidal ideation of internet addiction patients.Methods The safety,self-acceptance,self-concept,internet addiction,anxiety and depression of 220 internet addiction patients were assessed using the corresponding scale tools.Suicidal ideation was used as the dependent variable,and each influencing factor was used as the independent variable.Correlation analysis,multiple stepwise regression analysis and path analysis were utilized to analyze the predisposing factors.Results The suicidal ideation (12.65 ±5.72) was positively correlated with internet addiction assessment (73.35± 15.83),depression self-evaluation (56.33± 13.75) and anxiety self-assessment (48.93± 17.20) (r=0.250,0.636,0.531,P＜ 0.01),while negatively correlated with security (50.26± 12.33),self-acceptance (38.29±7.15),and self-concept (56.47± 17.92) (r=-0.390,-0.297,-0.298,P＜ 0.01).Sequentially depression (β =0.571,P＜ 0.01),anxiety (β =0.173,P=0.003) were entered into the multiple regression equation.Path analysis based on the structural equation model showed that suicidal ideation had a direct effect with depression and anxiety,with effect values of 0.583 and 0.176.There were indirect effects of self-concept,self-acceptance,sense of security,and internet addiction assessment.The effect values were-0.137,-0.117,-0.281,and 0.034.The total effect of suicidal ideation and self-concept,self-acceptance,sense of security,internet addiction,depression self-assessment,and anxiety self-assessment were-0.137,-0.117,-0.281,0.034,0.583 and 0.176 respectively.Conclusions The influence of security,self-acceptance,and self-concept on suicidal ideation is produced through the mediating effects of depression and anxiety,and it has a negative predictive effect.There is no direct causal relationship between internet addiction and suicidal ideation.

Changes of T Cell Subsets and Their Relationship with Clinical Features and Prognosis in Patients with Acute Leukemia / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the relationship between T cell subsets and clinical data.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>mononuclear cells were collected from 103 patients with acute leukemia (AL) and 28 healthy volunteers, and percentage changes of CD3CD4, CD3CD8 and CD4 CD25 Foxp3 cell subsets were assayed by flow cytometory. Relationship between the T subsets and clinical features of the patients was analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Ratio of CD3 T cells decreased more significantly in patients with >50% blast cells than that in patients with <50% blast cells, while the ratio of Treg between the 2 groups was not significantly different. Treg increased more statistically significantly in the patients with CD34 leukemia cell than that with CD34 leukemia cells. In constrast to the relationship between prognosis and immune cells in the patients from 3 groups (low, intermediate and high-risk group) it was found that Treg cells increased more significantly in high-risk group than that in low-risk group. By continuously monitoring immune cells in 18 patients, it was found that Treg cells gradually increased during the first 3 courses of chemotherapy, then began to decreased in the 4th course, finally approached gradually to the normal value in the 6th course, and this change correlated with the clinical remission after chemotherapy. Treg cell number in the patients with AL was significantly higher than that in healthy controls, and Treg cell number during the onset and recurrence was significantly higher than that in the period of complete remission (continuous remission for over 6 months). Compared with the changes of immune cell number between different types of disease, it was found that Treg cells were increased more significantly in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) than that in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Proportion of Treg cells, Treg/CD4 decreased more significantly after the 1st course of chemotherapy in the group with complete remission (CR) than that in the group without CR. The complete remission rate and recurrence rate were 68.9% and 20% respectively in the group with >10% Treg cells, while the complete remission rate and recurrence rate were 85.7% and 7.69% respectively in the group with.<10% Treg cells. In comparison of the 6 recurrent patients with 32 patients with sustained CR, it was found that the ratio of Treg cells and Treg/CD4 was increased more significantly in the patients with relapse than that with CR and in control group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Dynamic change of Treg cells in the peripheral blood was closely related with clinical feature, recurrence and prognosis in the patients with acute leukemia.</p>

Establishment of a rat model of benign prostatic hyperplasia complicated with late-onset hypogonadism / 第二军医大学学报

Objective To establish and assess a rat model of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) complicated with late-onset hypogonadism (LOH). MethocSs A total of 80 SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group, BPH complicated withLOH (model) group, BPH group andLOH group, with 20 rats in each group. In the model group, intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide (20 mg/[kg · d]) was continuously administered for 5 days, followed by continuous intraperitoneal injection of testosterone propionate (50 mg/[kg · d]) for 28 days; the rats in the BPH group were treated the same as that in the model group, except with the same volume normal saline instead of cyclophosphamide; in the LOH group with same volume lucca oil instead of testosterone propionate; and in the control group, the rats were treated withsame volumenormal saline instead of cyclophosphamide and lucca oil instead of testosterone propionate. Two days after drug withdraw, serum testosterone was detected andweight loading swimming test, tall suspension test and sexual behavior test were performed. Then prostate weight and pathology were determined after the rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation. Results The mean prostate indexes of rats in the LOH, model, control and BPH groups were 1. 58 ± 0. 13, 2. 93 ± 0. 19, 2. 33 ± 0. 13 and 3 23 ± 0. 11, respectively; serum testosterone levels were (4. 91 ± 1. 06), (9. 52 ± 1. 02), (12. 59 ± 0. 70) and (19. 69 ± 0. 56) ng/mL, respectively; the tail suspension struggling times were 97. 40 ± 15. 86, 120. 40 ± 14. 06, 223. 83 ± 16. 51, and 235. 29 ± 18. 77, respectively; the weight loading swimming timeswere (74. 27 ± 9. 29), (167. 47 ± 23. 35), (302. 33 ± 30. 10) and (261. 59 ± 35. 13) s, respectively; the times of olfactory sensation were 1. 53 ± 0. 52, 3 07 ± 0. 88, 9. 17 ± 1 30 and 9. 59 ± 1. 12, respectively; themean ride across times were 0. 33 ± 0. 49, 0. 47 ± 0. 52, 2. 11 ± 0. 47 and 2. 29 ± 0. 47, respectively. Statistical analyses showed that there were significant differences among the four groups in mean prostate index, serum testosterone level and tall suspension struggling time (P<0. 05, P<0. 01), in weight loading swimming time and time of olfactory sensation (P<0. 01) except between control group and BPH group, and in mean ride across time (P<0. 01) except between control group and BPH group, andmodel group and LOH group. Conclusion A BPH complicated with LOH rat model was successfully established with intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide and testosterone propionate.

MiR-135b promotes proliferation of endometrial carcinoma cells by targeting FOXO1 / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the expression of miR-135b in endometrial carcinoma and the mechanism by which miR-135b promotes the proliferation of endometrial cancer cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The expressions of miR-135b and FOXO1 were using RT-PCR detected in 22 fresh endometrial cancer tissues and paired adjacent tissues and also in endometrial cancer cell lines JEC, Ishikawa, HEC-1-B, and RL-952. The RL-952 and Ishikawa cell lines were transfected with miR-135b mimics or inhibitors, and the changes in their proliferative activity were detected with MTT assay; the expressions of FOXO1 mRNA and protein were detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The expression of miRNA135b was significantly up-regulated and FOXO1 expression was down-regulated in endometrial carcinoma tissues as compared with the adjacent tissues (P<0.05). The mRNA expression of miR-135b was negatively correlated with the expression of FOXO1 in endometrial carcinoma. In RL-952 and Ishikawa cell lines, transfection with miR-135b mimics obviously promoted the cell proliferation (P<0.05). Up-regulation of miR-135b significantly decreased the expressions of FOXO1 protein and mRNA (P<0.05), and down- regulation of miR-135b increased FOXO1 expressions (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>MiR-135b plays an important role in the occurrence and development of endometrial carcinoma partially by regulating its target gene FOXO1.</p>

Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate prevents postoperative peritoneal adhesions in rats by enhancing the activity of the peritoneal fibrinolytic system / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effect of sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate (STS) in preventing postoperative peritoneal adhesions in rats and explore the mechanisms.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty SD rats were randomized into 4 equal groups, including a blank control group, adhesion model group, and high-, moderate-, and low-dose STS-treated groups, and were subjected to injuries of the parietal peritoneum and cecum to induce peritoneal adhesions, followed by intraperitoneal administration of saline and STS at the doses of 20, 10, and 5 mg/kg for 7 consecutive days, respectively. Another 15 untreated rats served as the blank control group. The adhesion scores in each group were recorded after the treatments; the activity of tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) in peritoneal lavage fluid was measured, tPA/PAI-1 protein ratio in the peritoneal tissue was determined by ELISA, and the expressions of TGF-β1 and collagen I were detected by immunohistochemistry. The anastomotic healing model was used to assess the impact of STS on wound healing.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Intraperitoneal administration of STS effectively prevented peritoneal adhesion without affecting anastomotic healing in the rats. Compared with the adhesion model group, the STS-treated groups showed increased peritoneal lavage fluid tPA activity and tPA/PAI-1 ratio in the ischemic tissues with lowered TGF-β1 and collagen I expressions in the ischemic tissues.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Intraperitoneal administration of STS can prevent peritoneal adhesion and enhance local fibrinolysis in rats, and these effects may be mediated by TGF-β signaling pathway.</p>

Phytochemistry and pharmacology of Allii Macrostemonis Bulbus, a traditional Chinese medicine / 中国天然药物

Allii Macrostemonis Bulbus (Xiebai in Chinese), as a famous traditional Chinese medicine, has great medicinal and dietary values since ancient times. In China, the dry bulbs of Allium macrostemon and Allium chinense are both used as its original plants. Pharmacological studies have revealed that both of them could increase plasminogen activator activity and prolong the effect of coagulation to achieve antiplatelet aggregation which validates their traditional uses for the treatment of thoracic obstruction and cardialgia in clinics. Besides, several other significant activities, including lipid-lowering, anti-atherosclerosis, antitumor, antispasmodic, antibacterial, antioxidant, and insecticidal activities, have already been reported. The volatile oils, nitrogenous compounds, and steroidal saponins are the major beneficial compounds. Among them, steroidal saponins are considered as the characteristic constituents. In this review, the current information concerning the phytochemistry and pharmacology of Allii Macrostemonis Bulbus is summarized comprehensively. In addition, several research future perspectives are presented, especially the mechanism of bioactive components and fraction from the bulbs of Allium macrostemon and Allium chinense.

Status and Control Strategy of TCM-induced Diseases / 中国药师

In recent years, Chinese medicine preparations have been applied in clinic increasingly with the development of tradi-tional Chinese medicine ( TCM) . Meanwhile, TCM-induced diseases and adverse reactions have attracted more and more attention. In the study, the main symptoms and etiological factors of TCM-induced diseases were summarized, and relative control methods and strat-egies were suggested. The summarization can provide theoretical support for clinical rational drug use, which shows clinical significance and scientific value for preventing TCM-induced diseases and reducing the frequency and severity of the diseases.

Discrimination of alleles in HLA-C*04:01:01G groups / 中国实验血液学杂志

The aim of this study was to investigate the relatively frequencies of alleles in the HLA-C*04:01:01G group and to analyze their relations with HLA-A and -B loci. DNA samples previously typed as HLA-C*04:01:01G were sequentially selected. The sequences for exon 2 to 7 of the HLA-C locus were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction sequence-based typing(PCR-SBT). The HLA-A, -B, -DRB1 and -DQB1 loci were genotyped using PCR-SBT method. The results showed that 178 samples (94.2%) and 11 samples (5.8%) were assigned as HLA-C*04:01:01 and HLA-C*04:82 respectively among 189 samples previously typed as HLA-C*04:01:01G. 72 haplotypes associated with HLA-C*04:01:01 and C*04:82 were found, in which the frequencies of 26 haplotypes were over 0.0050. HLA-C*04:01:01 was strongly related with A*02:03, A*02:07, A*11:01, A*33:03, B*13:01, B*15:01, B*15:05, B*15:27, B*40:01, B*54:01 alleles, while HLA-C*04:82 was related with B*40:01. It is concluded that HLA-C*04:01:01 and HLA-C*04:82 alleles were confirmed in the HLA-C*04:01:01G group, which should be discriminated by the routine HLA genotyping.

Screening of the Different Concentrations of Ethanol Extracts from Smilax China for Its Antiinflammatory Activity / 医药导报

Objective To study the effects of the different concentrations of ethanol extracts of Smilax China on ear edema in mice and granuloma in rats,and to provide an evidence for optimizing the extraction process. Methods Effects of different concentrations of ethanol extracts of Smilax China on the xylene-induced ear edema in mice and the cotton ball-induced granuloma hyperplasia in rats were tested . Results Compared with the model controls,70% ethanol extracts of Smilax China at high,medium and low doses significantly inhibited ear edema in mice (t=2. 58,P<0. 05;t=2. 28,P<0. 05;t=2. 17,P<0. 05) and reduced the granuloma hyperplasia in rats(t=5. 28,P<0. 01;t=5. 24,P<0. 01;t=5. 17,P<0. 01). Conclusion The 70% ethanol extracts of Smilax China at three doses present the most active antiinflammatory effect,confirmed in both mice ear edema and rats granuloma models.

Pharmaceutical screening of the effective fraction from Smilax for treatment of chronic pelvic inflammatory disease / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine the effective fraction of Smilax for treatment of chronic pelvic inflammatory disease (CPID) by pharmacodynamic screening as the basis for further development of sarsaparilla preparations.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The chemical fractions of Smilax were administered intragastrically in rat models of CPID induced by injecting phenol mucilage into the uterus to observe the therapeutic effects. The anti-inflammatory effects of different extract fractions from Smilax were tested in mice with xylene-induced ear edema and in rats with cotton-ball-induced granuloma.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>High-dose ethyl acetate extract of Smilax could obviously inhibit uterus inflammation in rats with CPID, showing also strong anti-inflammatory effects against ear edema in mice and granuloma in rats (P<0.01). The moderate dose of ethyl acetate extract also obviously ameliorated the inflammation. Both the ethyl acetate extract fraction and the total extract fraction of Smilax showed anti-inflammatory effects, while the former produced strong effects while the latter has only weak actions.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The ethyl acetate extract fraction of Smilax is the effective fraction to produce anti-inflammatory and anti-CPID effects.</p>

Evaluation of methods for collection of peripheral blood stem cells in children / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the methods for collection of peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) in children.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Peripheral blood stem cells were collected from 20 child patients and 11 donors. The patients treated with chemotherapy, received G-CSF or GM-CSF and the donors received G-CSF for mobilization. When the peripheral blood (PB) leukocyte count reached to 5 X10(9)/L,the hematopoietic stem cells were collected with CS-3000 Plus, COM TEC or COBE Spectra blood cell separators from patients and donors. For children whose weight <20 kg,HCT <24% or TBV <1 100-1 650 ml,blood cell separators were pre-injected with the same type RBCs irradiated by 25 Gy of gamma-ray and with low flow rate (10-30 ml/min). The number of CD34(+) cell was detected by flow cytometry. The relationship of number of CD34(+) cell with mononuclear cell (MNC) and processed blood volume was analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Successful collection of the PBSCs with the CS- 3000 Plus (n=10), the COM TEC (n=3) and the COBE Spectra (n=18) was achieved in all the 31 cases with 1-5 aphereses used. Number of CD34(+) cells was (7.9 ±2.9) X 10(6)/kg and that of MNCs was (7.4 ±3.1) X 10(8)/kg. The total CD34(+) cell count was correlated with MNCs before aphaeresis and processed blood volume.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>For collection of high quality PBSCs, the appropriate methods should be chosen according to the body weight, TBV, mobilization of child patients/donors.</p>

Effects of different mechanical ventilation methods on morphology of type Ⅱ alveolar epithelium cell in newborn piglets with acute lung injury / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of 3 different ventilation methods,including conventional mechanical ventilation(CMV),high-frequency oscillatory ventilation(HFOV) and partial liquid ventilation(PLV),on the morphology of type Ⅱ alveolar epithelium cell (ACE Ⅱ) of newborn piglet with acute lung injury (ALI).Methods Twenty-four less than 3-day-old newborn piglets were enrolled.After ALI was established with saline lavage (38 ℃,0.035 L/kg),newborn piglets were randomly assigned to 4 study groups:control group(n =6,no ventilation),CMV group(n =6),HFOV group(n =6),and PLV group(n =6,38 ℃,0.018 L/kg).Piglets in the 4 groups were sacrificed after being ventilated for 24 hours,and the number,area,density of fluorescence of ACE Ⅱ were detected.Results Through 24 hours mechanical ventilation,the numbers of ACE Ⅱ in CMV group,HFOV group and PLV group remained were 30 ± 5,52 ± 5,81 ± 7,respectively,while areas of fluorescence were 340.40 ± 47.50,329.69 ± 124.50,295.55 ± 109.30,respectively,and there were significant differences among the 3 groups,and the population mean of density of fluorescence had significant difference among the 3 groups.The number of ACE Ⅱ remains was lowest in CMV group compared with HFOV group(P =0.026) and PLV group (P =0.000),and the density of fluorescence of ACE Ⅱ was lowest in CMV group compared with HFOV group (P =0.001) and PLV group (P =0.002).Conclusions Different mechanical ventilations have various effects for ACE Ⅱ,and CMV is the most harmful mechanical ventilation on ACE Ⅱ,while PLV is the least harmful.

Effects of mechanical ventilation method on inflammatory factors and pulmonary surfactant associated protein A of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in newborn piglets with acute lung injury / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of 3 different ventilation methods,including conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV),high frequency oscillatory ventilation(HFOV) and partial liquid ventilation (PLV),on the changes of inflammatory factors and pulmonary surfactant associated protein A (SP-A) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in newborn piglets with acute lung injury(ALI).Methods Twenty-four newborn piglets,no more than 3 days old,were enrolled.After ALI made with saline lavage(38 ℃,35 mL/kg),newborn piglets were randomly assigned to 4 groups:control group (n =6,no ventilation),CMV group(n =6),HFOV group(n =6),and PLV group(n =6).Piglets were sacrificed after being ventilated for 24 h.Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α),interleukin-8 (IL-8),interleukin-1 (IL-1) and SP-A in BALF were measured quantitatively by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results In 3 groups using different ventilation methods,the population mean of TNF-o,IL-8,IL-1 and SP-A were statistically different (all P =0.000).SP-A in PLV group and HFOV group were higher than that in CMV group (all P ＜ 0.05),while IL-8,IL-1 and TNF-α in PLV group were lower than those in CMV group (all P ＜ 0.05),IL-8 and TNF-α in PLV group were lower than those in HFOV group (all P ＜ 0.05),IL-8 and TNF-α in HFOV group were lower than those in CMV group (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Pulmonary inflammatory reaction was different in 3 ventilation groups.Compared with CMV and HFOV,PLV attenuated inflammatory reaction,so it could increase the expression of SP-A and decrease the degradation of SP-A.